Dr Justin Sledge on exorcism being a fairly normal activity for Jewish preachers in Jesus time and nothing particularly special (in contrast to how Matthew 9:34 presents it). That said, Jesus is able to do it by just speaking and usually does not require rituals.

Also interesting background on the exorcist practice of naming the demon (ee. Legion), and on the 2nd temple idea of demons being sent to Sheol and locked up (which was clearly carried in to NT).

Dr. James Justin Sledge holds a Doctorate in Religious Studies (Western Esotericism) from the Universiteit van Amsterdam, and a MA and PhD from the University of Memphis. He now teaches philosophy and religion as a visiting lecturer.